Showing posts with label animals. Show all posts
Showing posts with label animals. Show all posts

Monday, February 20, 2012

Horses and HBOT


Equine Vet J. 2012 Feb 15. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00536.x. [Epub ahead of print]

(photo from http://www.sanctuaryequinerehab.com)

Equine peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Isolation, identification, trilineage differentiation and effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment.

Dhar M, Neilsen N, Beatty K, Eaker S, Adair H, Geiser D.

Source

Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA GE Healthcare Cell Therapy Division, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.

Abstract
Reasons for performing study: Two studies report variability in proliferation and limited adipocyte differentiation of equine peripheral blood-derived adult mesenchymal stem cells, thus casting doubt on their adipogenic potential. Peripheral blood can be a valuable source of adult mesenchymal stem cells if cell culture conditions permissive for their adherence, proliferation and differentiation are defined. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment has been reported to mobilise haematopoietic progenitor stem cells into the peripheral blood in humans and mice, but similar experiments have not been done in horses. Objectives: To optimise cell culture conditions for isolation, propagation and differentiation of adult stem cells from peripheral blood and to assess the effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on adult stem cell concentrations. Methods: Peripheral blood was collected from the jugular vein of 6 research mares, and mononuclear cells were isolated. They were subjected to cell culture conditions that promote the adherence and proliferation of adult stem cells. The cells were characterised by their adherence, expression of cellular antigen markers, and trans-differentiation. Each horse was subjected to 3 hyperbaric oxygen treatments, and stem cells were compared before and after treatments. Stem cells derived from adipose tissue were used as controls. Results: One-third of the horses yielded viable stem cells from peripheral blood, positive for CD51, CD90 and CD105, and demonstrated osteocyte, chondrocyte and adipocyte differentiation. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment resulted in a significant increase in CD90-positive cells. Horses that did not yield any cells pretreatment did so only after 3 hyperbaric oxygen treatments. Conclusions and potential relevance: Peripheral blood can be a valuable source of adult stem cells, if one can identify reliable equine-specific markers, provide methods to increase the number of circulating progenitor cells and optimise cell culture conditions for growth and viability. Our findings are important for further studies towards technological advances in basic and clinical equine regenerative medicine.

Sunday, February 19, 2012

DOGS can have a stroke too! and Dogs can have HBOT

Dogs Can Have Strokes, TooDOGS can have a stroke too!

and Dogs can have HBOT

Now that sophisticated diagnostic tests are routinely used at veterinary clinics, it’s increasingly clear that dogs can suffer from many of the same health problems as their owners.

These problems include stroke, which until recently was thought to be rare in dogs. In both humans and dogs, there are two types of stroke:

  • Ischemic stroke, which occurs when a blocked artery prevents blood from reaching the brain.
  • Hemorrhagic stroke, which occurs when blood vessels in the brain start to leak and blood pools around and in the brain.

Both types of stroke are medical emergencies and warrant an immediate call to your veterinarian. Although dog strokes can cause permanent disability or death, the good news is that they are usually not as serious as human strokes. With the right care and treatment, the odds are good that your dog will make a full recovery within a few weeks.

Causes of Dog Stroke

The main causes of ischemic strokes in dogs include:

  • Kidney, liver, heart or Cushing's disease.
  • Diabetes.
  • Parasites.
  • Tumors.
  • Obesity.
  • Dislodged spinal cartilage.
  • High blood pressure.
  • Over or under active of thyroid glands.

The main causes of hemorrhagic strokes in dogs include:

  • Diseases that lead to high blood pressure such as Cushing’s disease, and kidney, heart, and blood clothing diseases.
  • Head trauma.
  • Brain tumor.
  • Accidental consumption of rat poison.
  • Inflammation of the arteries (vasculitis).
  • Lung worm (angiostrongylosis).
  • Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia.
  • Abnormal blood vessel development in the brain.

Regardless of age, sex, or breed, any dog can suffer a stroke. But some reports suggest that stroke may be more likely to affect either very young dogs or very old dogs, and that greater precautions should be taken to avoid exposing such dogs to extreme temperatures.

Other reports suggest that stroke is more common in breeds with extremely thick coats, and in breeds with flat faces such as pugs and bulldogs which have unusually narrow airways for their size..

More than half of the time, a definite cause of dog stroke is never identified. These are known as idiopathic strokes. Regardless of the cause, it’s essential that you take your dog to a veterinarian or emergency clinic as soon as you notice any of the signs or symptoms of a stroke.

Symptoms of Dog Stroke

The signs of dog stroke are usually very different than the signs of human stroke. Only rarely do dogs show signs of human stroke such as a drooping face or total paralysis on one side of the body.

The most common signs of dog stroke include:

  • Head tilt.
  • Loss of balance, moving in circles and falling over.
  • Eating out of one side of food bowl.
  • Turning the wrong way when called.
  • Confusion.
  • Depression.
  • Loss of sight or blindness.
  • Lethargy.
  • Abrupt or drastic change in behavior.
  • Loss of bowel or bladder control.
  • Seizure.

Initially, such symptoms may not be particularly noticeable, especially if your dog is already likely to do such things as turn the wrong way when called or eat out of only one side of the bowl. But as the condition worsens, the symptoms will become more severe.

Diagnosis of Dog Stroke

A veterinarian may be able to identify a dog stroke from a physical examination. Because the clinical signs of dog stroke are similar to those of other diseases, however, tests may be necessary to make a positive diagnosis.

Such tests may include blood and urine tests as well as advanced imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Standard X-rays are not useful in the diagnosis of stroke.

Because the dog must be absolutely still during an MRI or CT scan, he or she must first be anesthetized. While the dog is unconscious, your veterinarian also may take a sample of spinal fluid (spinal fluid) to check for other conditions such as inflammation or infection that could be causing stroke-like symptoms.

Treatment of Dog Stroke

Once a dog stroke has occurred, there is no way to reverse or repair the brain damage. With proper care, however, dogs almost always survive a stroke and usually recover their motor functions and movement control within several weeks after even a severe stroke.

Sometimes, however, a stroke leads to permanent behavioral changes.

After your dog suffers a stroke, you may need to encourage him or her to eat, drink, and take regular bathroom breaks outside. Initially, all exercise – especially strenuous exercise –should be avoided.

After your dog has fully recovered from a stroke, the best way to prevent another stroke is to ensure that he or she has a healthy diet, and gets plenty of attention and exercise. It’s important to be vigilant for any signs of a new stroke.

It’s also important for your veterinarian to address the underlying cause or causes of the stroke. For example, a low-phosphorus diet may help control chronic kidney failure. A high-protein, high-fiber, and low-fat, low-carbohydrate diet may help control diabetes.

Dogs with diabetes also may require regular insulin treatments.

Your veterinarian will be able to prescribe the optimal regimen to keep your dog healthy and happy after a stroke. Don’t forget to schedule an annual checkup, which is important for all dogs.

Sunday, January 22, 2012

Olympic Horse survives barn fire and recovers using HBOT!!

Posted: Sun, Jan. 22, 2012, 3:01 AM

Neville Bardos survives barn fire to become Olympic contender

By Kathy Boccella Inquirer Staff Writer

Boyd Martin riding Neville Bardos at the 2010 World Equestrian Games in Lexington, Ky. "He
JAMES CRISP / Associated Press
Boyd Martin riding Neville Bardos at the 2010 World Equestrian Games in Lexington, Ky. "He's always been overenthusiastic at everything he does," Martin says of the chestnut horse.
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Just after 1 a.m. on May 31, the rolling hills of True Prospect Farm in Chester County lit up as a fast-moving fire raced through a barn housing 11 show horses.

Stable workers pulled four to safety, but Neville Bardos, a big chestnut contender for the 2012 Olympics, was trapped in his stall.

With hay and straw ablaze, firefighters thought it too risky to try to save him. Neville's Australian-born trainer, Boyd Martin, had different ideas. He briefly argued with the fire crew, then broke past and ran into the burning barn.

"I held my breath as deeply as I could - I couldn't see anything, but I remember hearing a gurgling," Martin said. "[Neville] was cooped up in a corner and I reached out and found his shoulder and then I found his neck. I got my hand around his neck collar but couldn't move him. He was panicked."

At that moment, Martin's friend and the barn's owner, Phillip Dutton, emerged through the smoke. With Dutton pushing hard from behind, they managed to drag Neville down the aisle and into the crisp May air.

"If I had left it another 30 seconds," Martin said, "it would have all been all over."

With Neville's lungs and airway heavily damaged by smoke, there was no thought that night of whether the horse Martin had named for an Australian gangster would ever compete again - only whether the vets could keep him alive.

Remarkably, the 13-year-old with two white socks and a big white blaze on his face not only resumed competing but was recently awarded the sport's highest honor: Horse of the Year, chosen by the United States Equestrian Federation. Another horse, Sjoerd, shared the award.

Martin, who rode Neville to seventh place in the world's most important cross-country races, the Burghley Horse Trials in England, just three months after the fire, wasn't surprised.

"What that horse did on and off the competition stage last year, I couldn't see a horse in the world that could beat him," he said.

A USEF spokeswoman agreed.

"If he'd gone to live in Boyd's backyard for the rest of his life, the story would have had a happy ending," said Joanie Morris. "But to jump around one of the toughest competitions in the world, that's remarkable."

Six top show horses died in the Memorial Day weekend blaze, which Chester County fire officials say started accidentally near a hay steamer in the center of the barn. Of the five that were rescued, Neville was among the worst off.

Caitlin Silliman, who works for Martin as an assistant rider, was asleep in an apartment above the barn when she and her two roommates heard the horses whinnying and shaking in panic.

They raced downstairs to open as many stall doors as they could, but the horses were too scared to move. They dragged out four before Martin arrived.

"The whole thing lit up very quickly," recalled Silliman.

Her own horse, Catch a Star, suffered burns over 50 percent of her body.

Neville, she said, was "really lucky" to escape serious burning. Silliman was even luckier; her apartment shared a wall with the hayloft.

The horse's worst injury was to his upper airway and lungs, said Samantha Hart, the veterinarian who saw him for almost two weeks at the University of Pennsylvania's New Bolton Center. He then was treated in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber at Fair Hill Equine Center.

Hart said the horse's injuries could have ended his career, but "he's definitely a fighter. He's an amazing horse."

That's hardly the way anyone would have described Neville when Martin bought him for $800 as a washed-up 3-year-old racehorse destined for the slaughterhouse - his first brush with death.

"I thought he looked like a real athlete," said Martin, who planned to train him as a jumper and sell him.

But the horse turned out to be a handful and a "wind sucker," a bad habit in which horses bite and chew on whatever they can get their mouths on and suck up air, which can cause colic.

"I was stuck with him," said Martin, who named him after another hothead, a notorious Australian gangster.

Silliman is more blunt: "He's wild. A lot of the girls at the barn won't even walk him. He gets spooked and runs and tries to buck you off. He's a very unpredictable horse."

But he's also fast and strong and a hard worker. Neville's sport, eventing, consists of three parts: a cross-country obstacle course, show jumping, and dressage. Slow on the track, Neville rockets around the open fields of a cross-country course.

"I'm sure he was put on this earth to do it," said his trainer, who sold him to a 10-member syndicate in 2010 for $150,000.

Dressage is his soft spot. The series of controlled movements requires elegance, precision, and suppleness, qualities that don't mesh with Neville's exuberance.

"He's always been overenthusiastic at everything he does," Martin said. "He almost tries too hard to please."

After a rough start, Neville started winning events and was short-listed for the 2008 Beijing Olympics. In 2010, he was named to the U.S. team for the World Equestrian Games and ended up being the highest-placed U.S. horse.

Now Martin and his wife, Silvi, a dressage trainer and rider, are waiting to hear about this summer's Olympic Games in London, which will commemorate the centennial of the equestrian event. Martin had been a contender for the Australian team for many years but now will try for a berth with the United States.

"That's the pinnacle of our sport," he said of the Olympics.

And riding to gold atop his miracle horse, he said, "would be huge."