Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves spatial learning and memory

Brain Res. 2007 Oct 12;1174:120-9. Epub 2007 Aug 16. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves spatial learning and memory in a rat model of chronic traumatic brain injury. Harch PG, Kriedt C, Van Meter KW, Sutherland RJ. Source Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center in New Orleans, Harvey, Louisiana 70058, USA. paulharchmd@aol.com
ABSTRACT:
In the present experiment we use a rat model of traumatic brain injury to evaluate the ability of low-pressure hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) to improve behavioral and neurobiological outcomes. The study employed an adaptation of the focal cortical contusion model. 64 Male Long-Evans rats received unilateral cortical contusion and were tested in the Morris Water Task (MWT) 31-33 days post injury. Rats were divided into three groups: an untreated control group (N=22), an HBOT treatment group (N=19) and a sham-treated normobaric air group (N=23).

The HBOT group received 80 bid, 7 days/week 1.5 ATA/90-min HBOTs and the sham-treated normobaric air group the identical schedule of air treatments using a sham hyperbaric pressurization. All rats were subsequently retested in the MWT. After testing all rats were euthanized. Blood vessel density was measured bilaterally in hippocampus using a diaminobenzadine stain and was correlated with MWT performance. HBOT caused an increase in vascular density in the injured hippocampus (p<0.001) and an associated improvement in spatial learning (p<0.001) compared to the control groups. The increased vascular density and improved MWT in the HBOT group were highly correlated (p<0.001).

In conclusion, a 40-day series of 80 low-pressure HBOTs caused an increase in contused hippocampus vascular density and an associated improvement in cognitive function. These findings reaffirm the clinical experience of HBOT-treated patients with chronic traumatic brain injury.
PMID: 17869230

Low Vitamin B12 Tied to Memory, Cognition Problems

» Low Vitamin B12 Tied to Memory, Cognition Problems

By Rick Nauert PhD Senior News Editor
Reviewed by John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on September 27, 2011

A new study suggests low blood levels of vitamin B12 markers in older adults may be associated with lower brain volumes and problems with cognition.

Researchers at Rush University Medical Center say that foods from animals, including fish, meat, especially liver, milk, eggs and poultry are usual sources of vitamin B12.

Investigators took blood samples from 121 older residents of the South Side of Chicago who are a part of the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP) — a large study of 10,000 biracial subjects over the age of 65.

The results of the study are published in Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

The participants had blood drawn to measure levels of vitamin B12 and B12-related markers that can indicate a B12 deficiency. The same subjects took tests measuring their memory and other cognitive skills.

After about 4 1/2 years, MRI scans of the participants’ brains were taken to measure total brain volume and look for other signs of brain damage.

Researchers determined vitamin B12 deficiency was associated with having lower scores on the cognitive tests and smaller total brain volume.

“Our findings definitely deserve further examination,” said Christine C. Tangney, Ph.D., associate professor in the department of clinical nutrition at Rush University Medical Center, and lead author of the study.

“It’s too early to say whether increasing vitamin B12 levels in older people through diet or supplements could prevent these problems, but it is an interesting question to explore. Findings from a British trial with B vitamin supplementation are also supportive of these outcomes.”

Tangney noted that the level of vitamin B12 itself in the blood was not associated with cognitive problems or loss in brain volume. She said that low vitamin B12 can be difficult to detect in older people when looking only at blood levels of the vitamin.

“Our findings lend support for the contention that poor vitamin B12 status is a potential risk factor for brain atrophy and may contribute to cognitive impairment,” said Tangney.

Source: Rush University Medical Center

APA Reference
Nauert PhD, R. (2011). Low Vitamin B12 Tied to Memory, Cognition Problems. Psych Central. Retrieved on September 29, 2011, from http://psychcentral.com/news/2011/09/27/low-vitamin-b12-tied-to-memory-cognition-problems/29812.html